SpinLaunch's Fight Against Physics

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SPOTLIGHT

Space access has always relied on fuel-heavy rocket launches, but SpinLaunch wants to change that. By spinning payloads to high speeds in a centrifuge-like accelerator before a booster rocket takes over, it aims to save substantial fuel and costs. Physics, however, stands in its way. Despite successful prototype tests achieving 1,000 mph exit velocities and 30,000-foot altitudes, achieving orbit presents numerous challenges.

Alternatives like railguns, space elevators, and ballistic solutions have been considered but remain unproven in orbiting payloads. However, transitioning from a one-third-scale prototype to a full-scale version introduces complex obstacles.

Limitations and Challenges

Payload Survival During Spin-up:

The acceleration required to achieve desired exit speeds puts the payload through extreme centripetal forces (potentially up to 100,000 gs). This force could compromise the structural integrity or functionality of payloads that often include sensitive instruments and also harm the onboard rocket systems.

Incompatibility with Traditional Rocket Fuels:

The harsh forces experienced during spin-up make liquid-based fuels impractical due to the risk of system failure. On the other hand, the more stable solid rocket fuels offer less efficiency and control, limit payload mass, and complicate the mission even more.

Atmospheric Transition Risks:

Exiting the vacuum chamber and entering the atmosphere at high speeds pose a significant risk of payload damage. Similar to the kinetic energy concerns in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster. The process also involves breaking through a mylar sheet, which produces immense kinetic energy.

Increased Atmospheric Drag:

While rockets usually accelerate through thinner air, the Spinlaunch projectile encounters the thickest part of the atmosphere at its highest velocity. As a result, increased drag and heating compromise the payload and reduce the system's overall efficiency.

While the concept promises significant fuel and cost savings for compatible payloads, SpinLaunch faces substantial physics and engineering challenges. From ensuring payload integrity to adapting rocket technology to its unique launch environment, SpinLaunch must overcome significant hurdles to become a practical solution.

As the space industry continues to grow, we are yet to see innovative approaches like SpinLaunch that contribute to exploring alternative methods to reach orbit. Here are some other unconventional space startups set to captivate and inspire the engineer inside you: 10 space startups to keep an eye on in 2024.

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